An Existence Result for Equilibrium Problems with Some Surjectivity Consequences

We present conditions for existence of solutions of equilibrium problems, which are sufficient in finite dimensional spaces, without making any monotonicity assumption on the bifunction which defines the problem. As a consequence we establish surjectivity of set-valued operators of the form T + λI, with λ > 0, where T satisfies a property weaker than monotonicity, which we call pre-monotonicity. We study next the notion of maximal pre-monotonicity. Finally we adapt our condition for non-convex optimization problems, obtaining as a by-product an alternative proof of Frank-Wolfe's Theorem.